目的 探讨生长年限对党参药材产量、品质和效益的影响,为指导种植户有序地进行党参种植并获得相对稳定的经济效益提供依据。方法 采用田间小区完全随机试验,逐年栽种,同时采收,测定党参药材的干鲜重并折算亩产量,以考察移栽1~5年党参的产量和质量。参照《中国药典》2015年版对党参药材性状质量、浸出物含量进行分析和测定,采用紫外分光光度法对党参多糖含量进行测定。采用高效液相色谱法对党参炔苷和苍术内酯Ⅲ含量进行测定。并以永新乡为例分析种植党参的效益和市场风险。结果 党参产量随栽培年限的延长而增加。性状质量指标中大小和生长年限呈正相关,质地则整体呈负相关,含量方面党参多糖和浸出物含量与生长年限呈负相关,党参炔苷和苍术内酯Ⅲ与生长年限呈正相关。党参田产值和栽培年限呈正相关,但其经济效益主要由市场价格决定。结论 党参经济效益受市场波动影响较大,适当的延长栽培年限可在保证品质的前提下有效的规避市场风险。

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of different growing years on the yield, quality and benefits of Codonopsis Radix for providing the basis for guiding the planting and obtaining relatively stable economic benefits. METHODS The Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf. were cultivated year by year by field plot completely randomized trial for measuring the yield and quality of 1 year to 5 year Codonopsis Radix. The Codonopsis Radix was harvest in the fifth year at the same time and the yield of plot was measured for the evaluating yield of per Mu. Quality of character and the content of extract of Codonopsis Radix were analyzed and measured according the methods recorded in 2015 edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide was measured by UV spectrophotometry. The contents of lobetyolin and atractylenolide Ⅲ were determined by method of HPLC. Taking yongxinxiang as an example to analyze the efficiency and market risk of growing Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.. RESULTS The yield of Codonopsis Radix increases along with increase of growing years. The size is positively correlated with the length of growth, and the texture is on the contrary. There is a negatively relationship between content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide, extract and the increase of growing years. And there is a positive correlation between contents of lobetyolin, atractylenolide Ⅲ, output value of field and the increase of growing years. However, the economic benefit was due to the price in market. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the cultivation years of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf. should be extended for effectively avoiding market risks on the premise of guaranteeing quality because of the economic benefit of Codonopsis Radix is greatly influenced by market fluctuation.